The upper value of some characteristic or property.
A subproperty of [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) that can be used for specifying specific methods, in particular via [MeasurementMethodEnum](https://schema.org/MeasurementMethodEnum).
A technique, method or technology used in an [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation), [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) or [Dataset](https://schema.org/Dataset) (or [DataDownload](https://schema.org/DataDownload), [DataCatalog](https://schema.org/DataCatalog)), corresponding to the method used for measuring the corresponding variable(s) (for datasets, described using [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured); for [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation), a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable)). Often but not necessarily each [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) will have an explicit representation as (or mapping to) an property such as those defined in Schema.org, or other RDF vocabularies and "knowledge graphs". In that case the subproperty of [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) called [measuredProperty](https://schema.org/measuredProperty) is applicable.
The [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) property helps when extra clarification is needed about how a [measuredProperty](https://schema.org/measuredProperty) was measured. This is oriented towards scientific and scholarly dataset publication but may have broader applicability; it is not intended as a full representation of measurement, but can often serve as a high level summary for dataset discovery.
For example, if [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) is: molecule concentration, [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) could be: "mass spectrometry" or "nmr spectroscopy" or "colorimetry" or "immunofluorescence". If the [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) is "depression rating", the [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) could be "Zung Scale" or "HAM-D" or "Beck Depression Inventory".
If there are several [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) properties recorded for some given data object, use a [PropertyValue](https://schema.org/PropertyValue) for each [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) and attach the corresponding [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique). The value can also be from an enumeration, organized as a [MeasurementMethodEnum](https://schema.org/MeasurementMethodEnum).
The lower value of some characteristic or property.
A commonly used identifier for the characteristic represented by the property, e.g. a manufacturer or a standard code for a property. propertyID can be
(1) a prefixed string, mainly meant to be used with standards for product properties; (2) a site-specific, non-prefixed string (e.g. the primary key of the property or the vendor-specific ID of the property), or (3)
a URL indicating the type of the property, either pointing to an external vocabulary, or a Web resource that describes the property (e.g. a glossary entry).
Standards bodies should promote a standard prefix for the identifiers of properties from their standards.
The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL. Other codes than the UN/CEFACT Common Code may be used with a prefix followed by a colon.
A string or text indicating the unit of measurement. Useful if you cannot provide a standard unit code for [unitCode](https://schema.org/unitCode).
The value of a [QuantitativeValue](https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue) (including [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation)) or property value node.
- For [QuantitativeValue](https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue) and [MonetaryAmount](https://schema.org/MonetaryAmount), the recommended type for values is 'Number'.
- For [PropertyValue](https://schema.org/PropertyValue), it can be 'Text', 'Number', 'Boolean', or 'StructuredValue'.
- Use values from 0123456789 (Unicode 'DIGIT ZERO' (U+0030) to 'DIGIT NINE' (U+0039)) rather than superficially similar Unicode symbols.
- Use '.' (Unicode 'FULL STOP' (U+002E)) rather than ',' to indicate a decimal point. Avoid using these symbols as a readability separator.
A secondary value that provides additional information on the original value, e.g. a reference temperature or a type of measurement.