A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things in the medical space.

An observational study is a type of medical study that attempts to infer the possible effect of a treatment through observation of a cohort of subjects over a period of time. In an observational study, the assignment of subjects into treatment groups versus control groups is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with controlled studies, such as the randomized controlled trials represented by MedicalTrial, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treatment group or a control group before the start of the treatment.

Design models for observational medical studies. Enumerated type.

A process of care used in either a diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive or palliative capacity that relies on invasive (surgical), non-invasive, or other techniques.

An enumeration that describes different types of medical procedures.

A complex mathematical calculation requiring an online calculator, used to assess prognosis. Note: use the url property of Thing to record any URLs for online calculators.

Any rule set or interactive tool for estimating the risk of developing a complication or condition.

A risk factor is anything that increases a person's likelihood of developing or contracting a disease, medical condition, or complication.

A simple system that adds up the number of risk factors to yield a score that is associated with prognosis, e.g. CHAD score, TIMI risk score.

A scholarly article in the medical domain.

Any physical manifestation of a person's medical condition discoverable by objective diagnostic tests or physical examination.

Any feature associated or not with a medical condition. In medicine a symptom is generally subjective while a sign is objective.

Any specific branch of medical science or practice. Medical specialities include clinical specialties that pertain to particular organ systems and their respective disease states, as well as allied health specialties. Enumerated type.

A medical study is an umbrella type covering all kinds of research studies relating to human medicine or health, including observational studies and interventional trials and registries, randomized, controlled or not. When the specific type of study is known, use one of the extensions of this type, such as MedicalTrial or MedicalObservationalStudy. Also, note that this type should be used to mark up data that describes the study itself; to tag an article that publishes the results of a study, use MedicalScholarlyArticle. Note: use the code property of MedicalEntity to store study IDs, e.g. clinicaltrials.gov ID.

The status of a medical study. Enumerated type.

Any complaint sensed and expressed by the patient (therefore defined as subjective) like stomachache, lower-back pain, or fatigue.

Any medical test, typically performed for diagnostic purposes.

Any collection of tests commonly ordered together.

Any medical intervention designed to prevent, treat, and cure human diseases and medical conditions, including both curative and palliative therapies. Medical therapies are typically processes of care relying upon pharmacotherapy, behavioral therapy, supportive therapy (with fluid or nutrition for example), or detoxification (e.g. hemodialysis) aimed at improving or preventing a health condition.

A medical trial is a type of medical study that uses scientific process used to compare the safety and efficacy of medical therapies or medical procedures. In general, medical trials are controlled and subjects are allocated at random to the different treatment and/or control groups.

Design models for medical trials. Enumerated type.

A web page that provides medical information.

Systems of medical practice.

A muscle is an anatomical structure consisting of a contractile form of tissue that animals use to effect movement.